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The 4% Rule Explained: How Much Do You Really Need to Retire?

2024-02-01

Educational content only. Rules and tax laws change over time; verify official sources.

The 4% rule is the cornerstone of retirement planning, but most people misunderstand how it actually works.

What is the 4% Rule?

The 4% rule states that you can withdraw 4% of your retirement portfolio in your first year of retirement, then adjust that amount for inflation each year, and have a high probability of not running out of money over a 30-year retirement.

The Math Behind It

If you need $40,000 per year to live comfortably, you'd need:

$40,000 ÷ 0.04 = $1,000,000

That's your "retirement number."

When the 4% Rule Fails

The rule was based on historical US stock market returns. It may not work if:

  • You retire during a major market downturn
  • You plan for more than 30 years of retirement
  • Your portfolio isn't diversified
  • Inflation significantly exceeds historical averages

Try It Yourself

Use our free retirement calculator to find your personal number based on your actual spending, income, and life plans.

Try the Calculator

Apply this framework to your own situation.

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